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Merge pull request #2342 from ajtowns/202611-bip34-early

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BIP34: clarify encoding for early blocks
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Murch authored and GitHub committed 2026-11-05 18:20:32 +01:00
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@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
Status: Deployed
Type: Specification
Assigned: 2012-07-06
Version: 1.0.4
</pre>
==Abstract==
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ Bitcoin blocks and transactions are versioned binary structures. Both currently
# Treat transactions with a version greater than 1 as non-standard (official Satoshi client will not mine or relay them).
# Add height as the first item in the coinbase transaction's scriptSig, and increase block version to 2. The format of the height is "minimally encoded serialized CScript" -- first byte is number of bytes in the number (will be 0x03 on main net for the next 150 or so years with 2<sup>23</sup>-1 blocks), following bytes are little-endian representation of the number (including a sign bit). Height is the height of the mined block in the block chain, where the genesis block is height zero (0).
# For new chains (such as [[bip-0325.mediawiki|signet]] or [[bip-0094.mediawiki|testnet4]]) that enforce this rule immediately after the genesis block, "minimally encoded serialized CScript" results in a different encoding for blocks at heights 1-16: those values must be encoded as the single byte 0x51 to 0x60 (<code>OP_1..OP_16</code>), with no "number of bytes" prefix. Note that the minimum length of the coinbase transaction's scriptSig is two bytes, so the height push alone is insufficient for blocks 1-16. In addition, this BIP never applies to the genesis block.
# 75% rule: If 750 of the last 1,000 blocks are version 2 or greater, reject invalid version 2 blocks. (testnet3: 51 of last 100)
# 95% rule ("Point of no return"): If 950 of the last 1,000 blocks are version 2 or greater, reject all version 1 blocks. (testnet3: 75 of last 100)
@@ -35,3 +37,11 @@ https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/1526
==Result==
Block number 227,835 (timestamp 2013-03-24 15:49:13 GMT) was the last version 1 block.
==Changelog==
* 1.0.4: 2026-11-04: clarify encoding for early blocks
* 1.0.3: 2020-11-18: clarify that encoding must be minimal
* 1.0.2: 2016-02-05: correction to format prediction regarding sign bit
* 1.0.1: 2016-02-01: updated to Final, logged activation block
* 1.0.0: 2012-07-06: proposed