This commit adds three new cryptosystems to libsecp256k1:
Pedersen commitments are a system for making blinded commitments
to a value. Functionally they work like:
commit_b,v = H(blind_b || value_v),
except they are additively homorphic, e.g.
C(b1, v1) - C(b2, v2) = C(b1 - b2, v1 - v2) and
C(b1, v1) - C(b1, v1) = 0, etc.
The commitments themselves are EC points, serialized as 33 bytes.
In addition to the commit function this implementation includes
utility functions for verifying that a set of commitments sums
to zero, and for picking blinding factors that sum to zero.
If the blinding factors are uniformly random, pedersen commitments
have information theoretic privacy.
Borromean ring signatures are a novel efficient ring signature
construction for AND/OR admissions policies (the code here implements
an AND of ORs, each of any size). This construction requires
32 bytes of signature per pubkey used plus 32 bytes of constant
overhead. With these you can construct signatures like "Given pubkeys
A B C D E F G, the signer knows the discrete logs
satisifying (A || B) & (C || D || E) & (F || G)".
ZK range proofs allow someone to prove a pedersen commitment is in
a particular range (e.g. [0..2^64)) without revealing the specific
value. The construction here is based on the above borromean
ring signature and uses a radix-4 encoding and other optimizations
to maximize efficiency. It also supports encoding proofs with a
non-private base-10 exponent and minimum-value to allow trading
off secrecy for size and speed (or just avoiding wasting space
keeping data private that was already public due to external
constraints).
A proof for a 32-bit mantissa takes 2564 bytes, but 2048 bytes of
this can be used to communicate a private message to a receiver
who shares a secret random seed with the prover.
82a96e4 tests: Make sure we get the requested number of bytes from /dev/urandom (practicalswift)
Pull request description:
Make sure we get the requested number of bytes from `/dev/urandom`.
Tree-SHA512: 1b035942fd2a6ee2423fb2a2a0a0f294682c51434f86e5c106fb493d77f45aa8070662190aca6441fe389b8cdcc132d432517b8e826be2ac530a1511cd0c8919
The only reason OpenSSL 1.1 was not supported was the removal of direct
access to r and s in ECDSA_SIG. This commit adds a simplified version of
ECDSA_SIG_get0 for < 1.1 that can be used like ECDSA_SIG_get0 in >= 1.1
These were generated by testing more than 10^12 random test vectors
for coverage on instrumented (comparison operator outcomes) 32-bit
and 64-bit code, plus additional edge condition requirements (e.g.
inputs of 0, 1, -1) and then solving a minimum set cover problem.
The required responses were generated with Sage.
This significantly improves the lcov branch coverage report and
makes the tests much more sensitive to mutation testing of the
scalar code.
The challenges and responses are in the form of pairs of scalars:
C1 * C2 == R1
(C1 * C2) * (1 / C2) == C1
C2 * (1 / C2) == 1
C1 * C1 == R2
C1^2 == R2
Makes secp256k1_ec_pubkey_serialize set the length to zero on failure,
also makes secp256k1_ec_pubkey_create set the pubkey to zeros when
the key argument is NULL.
Also adds many additional ARGCHECK tests.
These functions are intended for compatibility with legacy software,
and are not normally needed in new secp256k1 applications.
They also do not obeying any particular standard (and likely cannot
without without undermining their compatibility), and so are a
better fit for contrib.
This avoids data=NULL and data = zeros to producing the same nonce.
Previously the code tried to avoid the case where some data inputs
aliased algo16 inputs by always padding out the data.
But because algo16 and data are different lengths they cannot
emulate each other, and the padding would match a data value of
all zeros.
ECDSA signature verification now requires normalized signatures (with S in the
lower half of the range). In case the input cannot be guaranteed to provide this,
a new function secp256k1_ecdsa_signature_normalize is provided to preprocess it.
