Merge bitcoin-core/secp256k1#1367: build: Improvements to symbol visibility logic on Windows (attempt 3)

c6cd2b15a0 ci: Add task for static library on Windows + CMake (Hennadii Stepanov)
020bf69a44 build: Add extensive docs on visibility issues (Tim Ruffing)
0196e8ade1 build: Introduce `SECP256k1_DLL_EXPORT` macro (Hennadii Stepanov)
9f1b1904a3 refactor: Replace `SECP256K1_API_VAR` with `SECP256K1_API` (Hennadii Stepanov)
ae9db95cea build: Introduce `SECP256K1_STATIC` macro for Windows users (Hennadii Stepanov)

Pull request description:

  Previous attempts:
  - https://github.com/bitcoin-core/secp256k1/pull/1346
  - https://github.com/bitcoin-core/secp256k1/pull/1362

  The result is as follows:
  1. Simple, concise and extensively documented code.
  2. Explicitly documented use cases with no ambiguities.
  3. No workarounds for linker warnings.
  4. Solves one item in https://github.com/bitcoin-core/secp256k1/issues/1235.

ACKs for top commit:
  real-or-random:
    utACK c6cd2b15a0

Tree-SHA512: d58694452d630aefbd047916033249891bc726b7475433aaaa7c3ea2a07ded8f185a598385b67c2ee3440ec5904ff9d9452c97b0961d84dcb2eb2cf46caa171e

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ if(SECP256K1_ASM STREQUAL "arm32")
   target_link_libraries(secp256k1_asm INTERFACE secp256k1_asm_arm)
 endif()
 
-# Define our export symbol only for Win32 and only for shared libs.
-# This matches libtool's usage of DLL_EXPORT
 if(WIN32)
-  set_target_properties(secp256k1 PROPERTIES DEFINE_SYMBOL "DLL_EXPORT")
+  # Define our export symbol only for shared libs.
+  set_target_properties(secp256k1 PROPERTIES DEFINE_SYMBOL SECP256K1_DLL_EXPORT)
+  target_compile_definitions(secp256k1 INTERFACE $<$<NOT:$<BOOL:${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS}>>:SECP256K1_STATIC>)
 endif()
 
 # Object libs don't know if they're being built for a shared or static lib.